Abstract This study aimed to make a longitudinal analysis of interexaminer calibration reproducibility in diagnosing dental caries in posterior teeth, by examiners without previous experience in epidemiological studies. A group of 11 inexperienced examiners underwent theoretical-practical training and calibration assessments, assisted by a standard examiner. An examiner who did not participate directly in the research selected 5-year-old children with and without caries. The D3 diagnostic threshold was used to evaluate dental caries, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The initial calibration (baseline) was performed after the theoretical-practical training session, and consisted of examining 20 children; the second calibration occurred three months later, and involved evaluating another 18 children. The interexaminer agreement was obtained by kappa statistics, and by overall percentage agreement. The paired t-test was applied to compare the values for kappa means and overall percentage agreement between the time points studied. At baseline, the values for kappa (> 0.81) and overall percentage agreement (> 95.63%) were considered high. At the 3-month calibration assessment, all the examiners showed some decrease in both kappa (p < 0.0001) and overall percentage agreement (p = 0.0102). The calibration process currently proposed by the WHO is effective. However, reproducibility was not maintained over time for inexperienced examiners evaluating the posterior teeth of 5-year-old children, under epidemiological conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the difference in the on-line searches for terms related to hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic in developed and middle-income countries. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study analyzed the digital data through the Google Trends website to obtain the variation of the relative search volume (RSV) through the terms "alcohol gel" and "handwashing." According to socio-economic development, the countries were divided into two groups: countries from different continents and hemispheres, with more than 15 million inhabitants, with more than 50% of the population with access to the Internet network and over 1,000 confirmed cases of infected with COVID-19. The paired t-test was applied to compare the means. The significance value adopted was p<0.010. Results: The searches related to the term "hand washing" were more significant when compared to the term "alcohol gel," and the term "alcohol gel" presented a higher average volume of research in developed countries (p<0.010). The developed countries had a higher average relative volume of research than middle-income countries (p<0.010). Developed countries sought more for the term "alcohol gel," and the term "hand washing" showed no difference in the volume of research about the country's socio-economic aspect. Conclusion: Developed countries have a higher volume of search for hand hygiene terms. The middle-income countries must create proposals for raising awareness outside the on-line environment so that this information reaches the entire population during the pandemic.

Resumo Introdução O tratamento de superfície prévio a colagem de braquetes a cerâmica com ácido fluorídrico, é indicado devido a sua capacidade de promover alterações morfológicas necessárias para a adesão. Objetivo Avaliar a resistência de união ao cisalhamento (RUC) de braquetes metálicos unidos à superfície cerâmica feldspática sob a ação do ácido fluorídrico (AF), em diferentes concentrações (5% e 10%) e tempos de aplicação distintos (30 e 60 segundos). Material e método Foram utilizados quatro blocos metálicos em níquel-cromo, que receberam a aplicação de cerâmica feldspática, onde foram colados 80 braquetes metálicos (Abzil/3M), divididos em 4 grupos conforme o condicionamento ácido (n=20). Foram condicionados com ácido fluorídrico 5%, por 30 e 60 segundos (AF5/30 e AF5/60) e ácido fluorídrico 10%, por 30 e 60 segundos (AF10/30, AF10/60). O compósito resinoso utilizado foi o Transbond XT (3M) e na superfície cerâmica foi mantido a presença do glazer. Os espécimes foram posicionados na máquina de ensaio universal Instron 4411 (Instron Corp, EUA) com um cinzel adaptado, para teste de cisalhamento, com velocidade de 1mm/min. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o Índice de Remanescente Adesivo (IRA) foi avaliado. Resultado No tempo de 30 segundos não ocorreu diferença significativa para as concentrações de 5% e 10% do ácido fluorídrico. No tempo de 60 segundos, para a concentração de 10% houve uma força de cisalhamento significativamente maior (p<0,05). O IRA apresentou predominância dos escores 1 e 2. Conclusão Concluiu-se que o ácido fluorídrico 10% apresentou os maiores valores de resistência de união ao cisalhamento em 60 segundos de condicionamento, enquanto, o ácido fluorídrico 5% não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os tempos.

Abstract Introduction Surface treatment prior to bonding ceramic brackets with hydrofluoric acid is indicated because of its ability to promote morphological changes necessary for adhesion. Objective To evaluate the shear bond strength (RUC) of metal brackets bonded to the feldspar ceramic surface under the action of hydrofluoric acid (AF), in different concentrations (5% and 10%) and different application times (30 and 60 seconds). Material and method Four nickel-chrome metal blocks that received an application of feldspathic ceramic were used, to which 80 metal brackets (Abzil/3M) were bonded and divided into 4 Groups (n=20) according to the acid etching procedure. The blocks were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 and 60 seconds (AF5/30 and AF5/60, respectively) and 10% hydrofluoric acid for 30 and 60 seconds (AF10/30, AF10/60, respectively). The resin composite used was Transbond XT (3M) and the presence of a glazer was maintained on the ceramic surface. The specimens were placed on a Universal test machine Instron 4411 (Instron Corp, USA) to which a chisel was adapted to perform the shear test at a speed of 1mm/min. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Adhesive Remnant Index was evaluated. Result In the time interval of 30 seconds, there was no significant difference for the 5% and 10% hydrofluoric acid concentrations. In the 60-second time interval, the 10% concentration showed significantly higher shear bond strength values (p<0.05). The ARI showed predominance of scores 1 and 2. Conclusion It was concluded that 10% hydrofluoric acid showed higher shear bond strength values in 60 seconds of etching, while 5% hydrofluoric acid showed no significant difference between the etching times.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the electromyographic activity of the suprahyoid muscles during deglutition in participants with Angle´s Class II malocclusion. Methods: electromyographic data recordings were performed in the supra-hyoid muscles during swallowing and at rest, in 30 volunteers, 15 Angle´s Class I participants and 15 Angle´s Class II malocclusion, aged 15-27 years old. The Root Means Square values for both tests were analyzed, and for the deglutition test, the Linear Envelope was used to observe the type of muscle activation pattern. Results: during the test at rest, there was no significant difference in Root Means Square values (p=0.22) between Class I and Class II subjects. During deglutition, it was found that Angle´s Class II subjects had significantly higher RMS values (p=0.01) as compared to Class I volunteers. Regarding the type of muscle activation pattern, there was a significant difference between Class I and Class II participants with a predominance of type 1 peak for Class I and type 2 peak for Class II. Conclusion: there was a difference in electromyographic recordings during deglutition in participants with Angle´s Class II as compared to Class I participants with a tendency towards two contraction peaks, showing a greater imbalance during the function. There was no difference between groups in the rest position.